# Cardiac bibliography

> Studies cited at US Bio Peptides — Retatrutide sources at US Bio Peptides: isolated human and mouse atrial experiments, clinical heart-rate findings and cardiovascular context.

**Published sources**

The human and mouse preparations begin this collection. The trial and review papers bring the whole person back into view.

## Isolated cardiac tissue

The [human atrial experiment](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04421-3) and the [mouse atrial experiment](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04335-0) deserve a paired visit. The [review of acute contractile effects in human heart preparations](https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18040447) places the tissue work in a broader experimental context.

## Clinical pulse and cardiovascular context

The [phase 2 obesity trial](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/) supplies the heart-rate time course. The [heart-rate meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-03933-9) estimates the change against placebo in people without diabetes. For the larger cardiovascular question, there is the [phase 2 metabolic-marker analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11420505/) and a [cardiology review of the prospect of benefit](https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16983).

## References

[1] Inotropic effects of retatrutide in isolated human atrial preparations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04421-3
[2] Contractile effects of retatrutide in isolated mouse atrial preparations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04335-0
[3] Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/
[4] Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate in non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-03933-9
[5] Acute Contractile Effects of Glucagon-like-Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Human Heart. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18040447
[6] Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11420505/
[7] Breaking the weight loss paradox: from weight reduction to cardiovascular benefit in obesity treatment. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16983

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